Agricultural educationAgricultural education encompasses school, vocational and university education relating to agriculture, nutrition, the environment and resource management. It plays a central role in imparting knowledge about sustainable and regenerative methods.
Example: An agricultural seminar on humus-building practices for young farmers.
AgroecologyA scientific approach to agriculture that integrates ecological principles and traditional knowledge.
Example: Crop rotation, mixed cultivation and animal integration to replicate natural cycles.
Agri Solar SystemsDual utilisation of agricultural land through agrivoltaics. Combination of plant production and electricity generation.
Agro ForrestingCombination of trees, shrubs and arable crops. Promotes biodiversity, soil water retention capacity and CO₂ binding.
Agroforestry systemsAn agricultural practice that combines trees or shrubs with arable crops or livestock to achieve environmental and economic benefits, including improved soil fertility, erosion control and increased biodiversity.
Example: Walnut trees in cereal fields provide shade and additional yields.
AgroforestryThe integration of trees and shrubs into agricultural systems to increase biodiversity and productivity.
Example: Fruit trees between vegetable fields improve the microclimate and yield.
Amazon and TSHNAmazon began as a linearly growing online bookstore and developed into a globally scaling platform with hybrid business models (shipping, cloud, data, advertising). TSHN follows a similar path: it starts with ecological land services and gradually expands through digital, scalable business areas such as tokenisation, community and energy services.
Example: Like Amazon built AWS, TSHN is developing a platform for certified ecosystem data that can be used worldwide.
Adaptation to dry periodsRefers to agricultural strategies for dealing with longer periods of drought. These include drought-tolerant plants, water retention in the soil or switching to agroforestry systems.
Example: The cultivation of sorghum instead of maize in particularly dry regions.
Adjustment of sowing timesFlexible shifting of the sowing time throughout the year to better adapt to climatic events. This reduces the risk of crop failure.
Example: Earlier sowing of winter cereals as the growing season lengthens.
Adaptable agricultureAn agricultural system that can adapt flexibly to climatic, economic or ecological changes. This means crop diversification, soil-conserving techniques and resilient plants.
Example: A farm that switches from monoculture to mixed crops with catch crops and agroforestry.
Treatment and utilisation of waste and wastewaterRecyclable utilisation of organic residues from households, agriculture or industry for soil improvement, e.g. via composting, fermentation or nutrient recovery.
Sowing under mulchA method in which seeds are planted directly into a mulch layer of organic material. This protects the soil from erosion, retains moisture and suppresses weeds.
Example: Direct sowing of pumpkin in a layer of straw mulch on a harvested cereal field.
Bio Char technologiesTechnologies for the production of biochar by pyrolysis. Biochar serves as a long-term carbon sink and soil conditioner.
BiodiversityThe diversity of plant, animal and microbial life in a given ecosystem that is essential for sustainable agricultural practices.
Example: A farm with hedges, ponds and mixed crops promotes biodiversity.
Organic farmingAgriculture without synthetic fertilisers, pesticides or genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Example: A farm uses compost, mixed cultivation and mechanical weed control.
Biological pest controlThe use of natural enemies, parasites or pathogens to control pests and weeds.
Example: Ladybird larvae are used specifically against aphid populations.
Biological pest controlUtilisation of natural antagonists of pests such as ladybirds against aphids or nematodes against larvae in the soil to reduce pest pressure without chemicals.
Example: The targeted use of parasitic wasps to control whitefly in greenhouses.
Biological diversityDiversity of species, genes and habitats. It is the basis of stable ecosystems, promotes the resilience of agriculture and improves soil and plant health.
Example: A diverse farm with hedges, orchards, flowering areas and mixed crops.
Organic farmingA form of agriculture that dispenses with synthetic pesticides and fertilisers. Instead, natural material cycles and soil fertility are promoted.
Example: Certified organic farms often work with organic fertilisers, catch crops and compost management.
BiomimicryThe design of agricultural systems inspired by natural processes and ecosystems.
Example: Permaculture gardens imitate the structure of a forest.
Bioregional nutritionConsume food from your own region, ideally in season. This strengthens local markets, reduces transport routes and supports regional agriculture.
Example: Buying grain, cheese and vegetables directly from the farm shop within a radius of 30 kilometres.
BiostimulantsProducts based on microorganisms, algae or plant extracts that improve plant growth, increase stress resistance or strengthen soil biology.
Example: The use of humic acids to promote root growth in seedlings.
Biotope networkingConnecting isolated habitats (through hedges, field margins or wildlife corridors) to promote biodiversity and enable animal migration.
Example: A flower strip between two fields provides insects with food and shelter.
BlockchainA decentralised, forgery-proof database technology that stores information in chronologically linked blocks. It is often used for cryptocurrencies, digital certificates and transparent data management.
Example: CO₂ certificates are documented transparently on the blockchain.
Soil removalThe displacement of the top layer of soil, often caused by water, wind or agricultural practices, but also by the excessive use of artificial fertilisers.
Example: Heavy rain washes away unprotected arable land, especially on slopes without vegetation.
Soil aggregationThe formation of stable soil crumbs from clay, sand, humus and biological binders. Good aggregation improves water storage, air exchange and root growth.
Example: Earthworm faeces contribute significantly to soil aggregation.
Soil respirationRelease of CO₂ by microorganisms and roots in the soil is a measure of biological activity and soil health.
Example: Soil respiration increases after rainfall due to increased microbial activity.
Soil cultivationMechanical interventions such as ploughing, cultivating or harrowing to prepare the seedbed or to control weeds. It is often reduced in regenerative agriculture.
Example: shallow stubble cultivation after harvesting instead of deep ploughing.
Soil biologyThe totality of all living organisms in the soil, such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes and earthworms. They regulate nutrient cycles and influence the soil structure.
Example: Mycorrhizal fungi help plants to absorb nutrients.
Soil erosionThe loss of fertile soil due to water or wind. Intensified by lack of soil cover and intensive cultivation.
Example: Drainage channels after heavy rainfall on a bare field indicate erosion.
Soil moistureThe water content of the soil. Decisive for germination, plant growth and microbial activity.
Example: Mulch layers help to retain soil moisture even in hot weather.
Soil fertilityThe ability of the soil to supply plants with sufficient nutrients, water and air. It results from chemical, biological and physical factors.
Example: A humus-rich soil has a high natural fertility.
Soil health (common sense)The condition of the soil based on its biological, chemical and physical properties is crucial for productivity and sustainability.
Example: A soil with many earthworms and a crumbly structure is considered healthy.
Soil horizonDifferent layers (topsoil, subsoil) in the vertical soil profile, each with its own characteristics such as colour, humus content or structure.
Example: The A horizon is often dark and rich in organic matter.
Soil lifeAll organisms living in the soil, from microbes to earthworms. It influences the fertility, structure and health of the soil.
Example: A teaspoon of healthy soil can contain several billion microorganisms.
Soil microbesMicroscopic organisms in the soil that play important roles in the nutrient cycle and plant growth.
Example: Bacteria decompose compost and release nutrients.
Soil microbiomeThe totality of microorganisms in the soil (bacteria, fungi, etc.), comparable to the intestinal microbiome in humans. Essential for nutrient availability and plant resistance.
Example: Symbiotic rhizobia bacteria fix nitrogen for legumes.
Soil monitoringRegular measurement and evaluation of soil conditions (pH value, humus content, compaction) in order to control sustainable cultivation.
Example: Farmers use sensors to measure moisture for targeted irrigation.
Soil organic matter (SOM)"Soil Organic Matter": Organic material in the soil that comes from decomposing plants and animals and is crucial for soil fertility.
Example: A mulch layer of crop residues increases the SOM content.
Soil pH valueThe acidity of the soil influences the availability of nutrients and the activity of microorganisms.
Example: At a pH value below 5, phosphorus becomes difficult for plants to access.
Soil porosityThe proportion of cavities in the soil in which water and air can circulate is important for root growth.
Example: A well-crumbled soil has a high porosity.
Floor profileVertical section through the soil that visualises horizons and soil structure. Used to analyse and evaluate soil quality.
Example: For soil inspection pits, a soil profile is uncovered and documented.
Soil regenerationRestoring the natural functions of the soil after degradation through compost, catch crops, reduced tillage.
Example: A previously depleted field becomes fertile again through regenerative measures.
Soil remediationTargeted measures to clean or restore damaged or contaminated soils.
Example: Removal of contaminated soil on former industrial sites.
Soil-conserving agricultureCultivation methods that preserve the soil structure and soil life, reduced tillage, permanent cover crops or mulch sowing.
Example: Intercropping to prevent erosion and to bind nitrogen.
Soil structureThe spatial arrangement of solid components (sand, silt, clay) and pores in the soil. A good soil structure enables water infiltration, root growth and gas exchange.
Example: A crumbly structure due to earthworm activity improves aeration.
Soil symbiosisInteractions between plants and soil organisms, mycorrhizal fungi that provide nutrients.
Example: Symbioses with nodule bacteria supply legumes with nitrogen.
Soil compactionThe compaction of soil particles, which reduces the pore space and inhibits the movement of air, water and roots. It continues below the surface into the underlying soil layers.
Example: Large areas of waterlogged fields show the long-term compaction of the soil layers.
Soil salinisationDeposition of salts in the soil that inhibit plant growth. Caused by incorrect irrigation in arid regions.
Example: White salt crusts on soils in dry areas are a warning sign.
Soil sealingCovering the ground with asphalt, concrete or buildings reduces water infiltration, inhibits soil life and promotes flooding.
Example: Urban gardens with open ground counteract sealing.
WastelandLand that is left uncultivated for a period of time to restore fertility and organic matter.
Example: A field is left uncultivated for a year in order to recover ecologically.
Carbon credits (COâ certificates)Tradable units for saved or sequestered CO₂. Can be generated in agriculture by building up humus or reforestation.
Example: A regenerative company sells certificates for bound CO₂ in the soil.
Carbon sequestration (carbon sequestration)The process by which CO₂ is removed from the atmosphere and stored in plants, soils or geological formations to combat climate change.
Example: Reforestation and agroforestry systems as natural CO₂ sinks.
CO₂ / carbon capture technologiesNatural or technical processes for the active removal of CO₂ from the atmosphere. In the TSHN context, primarily biological binding in the soil. In the technological context, primarily CO2 separators and similar systems with high energy consumption and low efficiency.
CO2 footprintThe total greenhouse gas emissions caused by agricultural activities, expressed in CO2 equivalents.
Example: Regionally produced vegetables have a smaller carbon footprint than imported vegetables.
CO2 sinksNatural systems such as forests or healthy soil that permanently store carbon.
Example: Humus-rich soils are effective CO₂ sinks through carbon sequestration.
Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)Partnership between farmers and consumers in which harvest and risk are shared.
Example: Customers subscribe to a vegetable box and support the farm directly.
CrowdfundingA form of financing in which a large number of people make small contributions to finance a project or company.
Example: A regenerative agriculture platform raises capital for a pilot project via crowdfunding.
DAO (Decentralised Autonomous Organisation)An autonomous organisation based on a blockchain and controlled via smart contracts. Decisions are made in a decentralised manner, often by votes of the members.
Example: A DAO allocates funding to agricultural pilot projects by member vote.
Permanent deposition of SOC or C (Soil Organic Carbon)Binding of carbon in stable humus forms or in deeper soil layers for permanent CO₂ storage. Goal: Ecosystem service with climate relevance.
Cover cropsPlants that serve as ground cover between main crops protect the soil, bind nutrients and promote biodiversity.
Example: Phacelia or buckwheat after the grain harvest.
Cover erosionErosion protection through permanent ground cover with plants or mulch, prevents soil erosion by wind and water.
Example: Catch crops on the field protect against winter erosion.
Cover cropsSimilar to cover crops, crops that permanently cover the soil and stabilise it microclimatically.
Example: Clover grass as an undersow in cereal crops.
Digital FarmingUse of digital technologies such as sensors, drones and data analysis for precise control of agricultural production.
Example: Soil sensors report moisture content directly to a smartphone.
Digital teaching and learning methodsUse of digital tools, platforms and community systems to teach regenerative practices, e.g. e-learning, MOOCs, augmented reality or FarmApps.
Digital traceabilityThe possibility of making sustainability measures or supply chains transparent and verifiable using digital technologies (e.g. blockchain).
Example: QR code on food packaging shows carbon footprint and origin.
Direct marketingSelling products without middlemen from the farm, at the weekly market or online.
Example: Regenerative products via a TSHN marketplace.
Distributed ledger technologies (DLT)Collective term for decentralised database structures that store transactions securely and transparently. In addition to blockchain, these technologies include IOTA and Holochain.
Example: CO₂ certificates are stored on a DLT system.
Drought resistanceThe ability of plants and soils to withstand long periods of drought.
Example: Deep-rooted legumes survive dry periods better.
Dynamic community developmentDevelopment of stakeholder networks, membership platforms and DAOs (Decentralised Autonomous Organisations) for participation, financing and scaling.
Catchment area managementThe process of managing land and water within a catchment area to ensure sustainable water resources.
Example: Coordination of agriculture, forestry and water protection along a river valley.
Maintenance pruningPruning measures to maintain woody plants promote vitality, yield and structure.
Example: pruning fruit trees in late winter for better fruit formation.
Nutritional turnaroundSocial change towards healthy, environmentally friendly nutrition more plant-based, regional, seasonal.
Example: Schools with regeneratively produced meals.
Erosion controlMeasures to prevent soil loss due to wind or water.
Example: Slopes are planted with ground-covering plants.
Erosion resistanceThe ability of a soil to resist erosion depends on its structure, cover and biological activity.
Example: Humus-rich soils with deep roots are particularly resistant.
Development of deep soil layersUtilisation of deep-rooted plants and biological loosening to root through compacted horizons. Contributes to CO₂ storage and nutrient mobilisation.
EU Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS)The EU-wide emissions trading system that regulates and trades CO₂ allowances for companies. It can serve as a model for nature-based carbon reduction.
Example: An energy company has to buy additional emission certificates if it emits more CO₂ than permitted.
EU soil strategy for 2030An EU Commission strategy to improve soil health, focussing on sustainable land use and humus formation.
Example: Programmes to increase humus and soil protection measures for farmers.
EU Taxonomy RegulationA system developed by the European Union to categorise sustainable economic activities in order to prevent greenwashing.
Example: Agricultural businesses must fulfil criteria in order to be considered sustainable in the financial market.
European Environmental Agency (EEA)The EU Environment Agency, which develops standards for environmental measurements and sustainability certificates.
Example: The EEA provides data on soil quality and biodiversity.
European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)The EU authority that regulates the financial markets, including crypto assets and token-based financial models.
Example: ESMA examines the transparency of green bonds or tokenised CO₂ markets.
Farm-to-ForkEU initiative for a sustainable food system from field to fork.
Example: Promotion of regional organic production and fair trade.
Field observationVisual or sensory monitoring of plant and soil status is important for decision-making processes.
Example: Farmers check leaves daily for pest infestation.
Field edge structuresEcological elements on field margins such as hedges, flower strips and ditches promote biodiversity and protective functions.
Example: A flower strip attracts pollinators and beneficial insects.
Remote sensing in agricultureSatellite or drone data for analysing vegetation development, moisture and nutrient status.
Example: Drone images show drought stress in a field.
Surface bindingLinking animal husbandry with own feed area prevents over-fertilisation and strengthens the circular economy.
Example: Every livestock farm needs sufficient land of its own for feed and manure spreading.
Productivity per unit areaYield per area, taking into account sustainability and resource conservation.
Example: Agroforestry systems increase productivity per hectare through multiple utilisation.
Promotion of the microbiome with bio-stimulantsUse of biologically active substances (e.g. mycorrhiza, rhizobacteria, humic acids) to stabilise the soil microbiome, reduce plant stress and improve nutrient uptake.
Crop rotationThe systematic rotation of plant species in a field over several years to maintain soil fertility and reduce pests and diseases.
Example: Rotation between cereals, legumes and root crops over three years.
Crop rotationThe practice of growing different types of crops in a fixed sequence to improve soil fertility and reduce pest and disease infestation.
Example: Potatoes are followed by peas, then cereals.
GamificationThe use of typical game elements (e.g. reward systems, competitions) in non-game contexts to increase motivation and engagement.
Example: Points systems for sustainable behaviour in a climate app.
Holistic managementA decision-making framework that takes into account ecological, economic and social sustainability in agriculture.
Example: A company takes equal account of ecological, economic and social concerns when utilising land.
Co-operative modelAn economic organisational model in which members are both owners and users of the company in order to pursue long-term economic and social goals.
Example: A seed co-operative belongs to the participating farmers themselves.
Business modelA business model describes how a company creates value, delivers and generates revenue. It shows which target groups are addressed, which services are offered, how these are generated and communicated - and where the company generates its revenue.
Example: A farm sells seasonal vegetables directly to consumers on a subscription model - the business model is therefore: direct marketing with recurring income from vegetable box subscriptions.
Business model, hybridA hybrid business model combines real services (e.g. agricultural production, soil cultivation) with digital or data-based components (e.g. platform, blockchain, tokenisation). This creates new ways of creating value.
Example: A farm regenerates humus and receives digital eco-points on a blockchain platform in return, which can be purchased by investors.
Social added valueAdditional benefits for the general public, through healthy food, landscape conservation or education.
Example: A regenerative company offers guided tours to school classes.
Healthy plantRobust plant with a balanced nutrient balance, good root growth and resistance to stress.
Example: Vital green leaves and uniform growth indicate plant health.
Gold Standard (Europe) & Verra (USA)Two of the best-known certification systems for climate protection projects that promote carbon offsetting and sustainable development.
Example: A humus project is certified according to the Gold Standard in order to be able to generate legally sound income from the sale of certificates.
Grassland managementSustainable use and maintenance of meadows and pastures important for CO₂ sequestration, biodiversity and erosion control.
Example: Rotational grazing instead of permanent grazing to promote sward density.
GreenwashingThe attempt to portray companies or products as more environmentally friendly than they actually are in order to improve their public image. Already a legally regulated offence today.
Example: Beer is advertised as "organic" even though the ingredients come from conventional agriculture.
Avoid greenwashingAvoid false sustainability advertising Only genuine ecological achievements should be communicated.
Example: Transparent evidence of humus build-up instead of vague promises.
Green manure (conventional and organic)Plants grown specifically to be incorporated into the soil to increase organic matter and nutrients.
Example: Clover grass is ploughed under and improves the soil structure.
Green fertilisationCultivation of plants for later incorporation into the soil provides organic matter and nutrients.
Example: Mustard as a green fertiliser after the harvest binds nitrogen.
Hedges as a windbreakPlanted wooded strips that slow the wind, protect the soil, provide habitats and improve the microclimate.
Example: A north-south hedge reduces wind speed by up to 50?%.
Holistic pasture managementHolistic management of grazing with a focus on soil structure, plant diversity and climate adaptation.
Example: Mobile pasture fence for targeted short-term grazing.
HolocracyA form of self-organised company management in which decisions are made in a decentralised manner by teams instead of following a traditional hierarchy.
Example: Decisions in the team of an agricultural start-up are made jointly.
HumusThe organic matter of the soil, which consists of dead plant material and microorganisms. Humus improves soil structure, water retention and nutrient availability.
Example: Black, crumbly soil with a high humus content is particularly fertile.
Humus balanceCalculation of the change in the humus content of a soil due to cultivation, fertilisation, harvesting and management.
Example: Positive humus balance due to catch crops and organic fertilisation.
Hybrid financingA model that combines public funding with private investment to ensure long-term economic viability.
Example: Half of a soil health project is financed by EU funding and half by impact investors.
Impact investingA form of investment in which social and ecological goals are taken into account alongside financial returns.
Example: An investor participates in an agroforestry project for CO₂ reduction and food security.
Indigenous agricultural practicesTraditional agricultural methods of indigenous communities, often based on centuries of knowledge, in harmony with natural cycles.
Example: The milpa economy in Central America combines maize, beans and pumpkin as a symbiotic system.
Integrated agricultureSystem that combines different forms of production (crop cultivation, animal husbandry) and ecological measures in order to operate in an economically and ecologically sustainable manner.
Example: Pig farming with manure composting to fertilise the fields.
Integrated pest management (IPM)Strategies that utilise biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools for sustainable pest control.
Example: Pheromone traps against codling moths plus targeted pruning measures.
IOTAAn alternative distributed ledger technology that is not based on a blockchain, but on a so-called tangle, which makes transactions more scalable and energy-efficient.
Example: Environmental certificates could be processed faster and more cheaply on the basis of IOTA.
Calibration procedure (for measurements)Methods for adjusting measuring instruments to ensure accurate and comparable measurement results.
Example: Sensors for soil moisture measurement are calibrated regularly.
MicroclimateThe localised microclimate in fields, which is influenced by soil cover, vegetation, topography and wind.
Example: Windbreak hedges create a more stable microclimate for sensitive crops.
Climate adaptation in agricultureMeasures to respond to climate change, such as changes in variety selection, water management or soil structure.
Example: Switching to drought-resistant crops.
Climate impact assessmentAnalysing how climate change affects agricultural land, plants, water balance and yields.
Example: Studies on the relocation of wine-growing zones to higher altitudes.
Climate-friendly agricultureAgricultural practices that increase productivity, improve resilience to climate change and reduce emissions.
Example: A farm reduces diesel consumption through electromobility and direct sowing.
Climate positiveA system that binds more CO₂ than it emits. In agriculture through humus formation, agroforestry, reduced emissions.
Example: A company that stores more carbon than it emits becomes climate-positive.
Carbon balanceRecording the total carbon flows of a farm, including sequestration in the soil and emissions from operating resources.
Example: A balanced or positive balance is the goal of regenerative agriculture.
Carbon sequestrationThe process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide in soil and plants to reduce greenhouse gases.
Example: Humus build-up through catch crops binds carbon in the soil in the long term.
Carbon fertilisationTargeted enrichment of the soil with organic carbon, e.g. through crop residues, compost or biochar. Contributes to soil fertility and CO₂ storage.
Carbon farmingAgricultural practices that reduce greenhouse gases and sequester carbon in the soil.
Example: Compost and catch crops increase organic matter.
Carbon marketsSystems for trading CO₂ certificates or CO2 credits, including from agricultural CO₂ storage.
Example: Humus certificates can be traded on voluntary markets.
Carbon sequestrationLong-term storage of carbon in plants, soil or wood to minimise the greenhouse effect.
Example: Agroforestry stores carbon in tree trunks and roots.
CompostDecomposed organic matter from kitchen or plant waste is a valuable fertiliser and soil conditioner.
Example: Compost tea can be used as a liquid fertiliser to strengthen plants.
Compost applicationsThe use of organic material (e.g. plant residues, kitchen waste), which is turned into nutrient-rich fertiliser for the soil through microbial decomposition.
Example: Annual application of compost to vegetable beds to provide humus.
CompostingThe natural decomposition process of organic material to produce a nutrient-rich soil conditioner.
Example: Compost heap made from kitchen waste and green waste in the home garden.
Conservation agricultureA sustainable agricultural approach that emphasises minimal soil disturbance, crop rotation and ground cover.
Example: No-till sowing and mulch layers preserve soil structure and microorganisms.
Crop diversityDiversity of cultivated plant species promotes biodiversity, food security and resilience.
Example: Mixed cultivation of cereals, clover, vegetables and fruit on a farm.
Land use planningStrategic planning of how agricultural, ecological and urban areas are used, taking ecological sustainability into account.
Example: Designation of buffer zones around bodies of water to reduce nutrient inputs.
Landscape conservationManagement and design of landscapes with the aim of preserving biodiversity, cultural value and aesthetics.
Example: Grazing of orchards by sheep to keep the area open.
Agriculture and climate protectionInteraction of low-emission cultivation methods, CO₂ storage and sustainable use of resources in an agricultural context.
Example: Reduction of methane emissions through adapted pasture management.
Agricultural resilienceResilience of agricultural systems to climate, market and crisis risks.
Example: Farms with high diversity react more flexibly to extreme weather.
Long-term crop rotationsPlanned sequence of crops over several years to ensure soil fertility, plant health and nutrient availability.
Example: 8-year crop rotation with clover grass, cereals, root crops, legumes.
Live mulchA cover crop that stays in place while the main crop grows, suppresses weeds and improves soil health.
Example: Clover between rows of vegetables protects the soil and suppresses weeds.
Food qualityEvaluation of food according to nutrient content, low residue levels, flavour, origin and ethical production.
Example: Regeneratively produced foods with a high micronutrient content.
Food sovereigntyThe right of communities to control the way food is produced, distributed and consumed.
Example: Farmer co-operatives jointly decide on seeds and distribution.
Food transparencyTraceability of the origin and production of food for trust and sustainable decisions.
Example: QR code on the product label shows origin, cultivation method and carbon footprint.
Soil habitatThe soil is a diverse habitat for microorganisms, insects, fungi and roots.
Example: A teaspoon of healthy soil can contain more organisms than there are people living on earth.
Habitat corridorsConnections between isolated habitats to promote species migration and genetic diversity.
Example: Wildlife corridors between forest areas across agricultural land.
Legal wrapper for DAOsA legal framework that provides a decentralised autonomous organisation (DAO) with a legal structure to protect investors.
Example: A DAO establishes a foundation as a wrapper in order to be able to conclude contracts.
Living LabA Living Lab is an open innovation environment in which new products, services or technologies are developed, tested and iteratively optimised in a real everyday environment with the involvement of end users, companies and research partners.
Example: An agricultural project is testing new soil analyses directly with local farms.
LOI (Letter of Intent):A short, formal letter signalling the basic interest and intention of a party to enter into negotiations or establish a business relationship. Usually non-binding, with the exception of specific binding clauses.
Example: A farmer declares his willingness to work with TSHN in an LOI with the aim of obtaining a cooperation agreement.
Low-input agricultureAgriculture with minimal use of external inputs (fertiliser, crop protection), based on natural cycles.
Example: Farm works without synthetic fertilisers, uses clover grass to supply nitrogen.
MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation)A European legal framework for the regulation of crypto-assets, including utility tokens, stablecoins and security tokens.
Example: blockchain-based CO₂ certificates must be MiCA-compliant in future.
MicrobiomeAs a whole, the microorganisms in a particular soil habitat play a key role in health and productivity.
Example: An intact soil microbiome protects plants from diseases.
Microclimate optimisationDesign of landscape elements to improve local climate conditions through wind protection, trees, mulch.
Example: Trees on the edge of a field lower local temperatures and slow down winds.
Micronutrients in the soilTrace elements such as zinc, boron and copper are essential for plant growth, even though they are only needed in very small quantities.
Example: Zinc deficiency in the soil leads to leaf lightening in maize.
MicroorganismsMicroorganisms in the soil, including Bacteria and fungi that decompose organic material and make nutrients available.
Example: Rhizobia fix nitrogen from the air in legume roots.
Minimum tillageReduced mechanical intervention in the soil to protect the structure, promote soil life and build up humus.
Example: Instead of a plough, only shallow cultivation with a cultivator.
Mixed cultureThe simultaneous planting of several plant species in order to optimise the use of space and natural resources.
Example: Maize, beans and pumpkin together in one field (milpa system).
Monetisation of ecosystem servicesThe process by which natural services (e.g. CO₂ sequestration, biodiversity) are economically valued and converted into tradable certificates or incentives.
Example: Sale of certificates for CO₂ sequestration through humus formation.
MonocultureThe cultivation of a single crop over a large area, which often leads to soil degradation and a reduced ecological balance.
Example: Maize monoculture over several years without crop rotation.
MoU (Memorandum of Understanding):A detailed letter of intent that sets out the objectives, framework conditions and initial operational agreements of a planned collaboration, but usually remains non-binding as a basis for subsequent, legally binding contracts.
Example: Two organisations sign a MoU to jointly develop a soil monitoring system.
MulchingCover the soil with organic material (straw, leaves) to retain moisture, suppress weeds and build up humus.
Example: Straw mulch between rows of vegetables saves watering.
MycorrhizaA symbiotic connection between plant roots and fungi that improves nutrient uptake and strengthens plant health.
Example: Mycorrhizal fungi increase phosphorus uptake in tomatoes.
Mycorrhizal fungiUseful fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plant roots and improve nutrient and water uptake.
Example: Glomus intraradices improves nutrient uptake in maize.
Sustainable livestock farmingAnimal husbandry that conserves resources, is animal-friendly and low-emission, with closed cycles.
Example: Pasture farming with on-farm feed production.
Sustainable yieldThe amount of produce that can be harvested without depleting natural resources or damaging the environment.
Example: Maintaining soil fertility through humus management.
Sustainability of livelihoodEnsure that farmers have the means to support themselves and their families in the long term.
Example: Diversification through farm marketing and tourism strengthens the income base.
Nutrient analysisMeasurement of main and trace nutrients in the soil or in the plant to optimise fertilisation.
Example: Soil sample shows phosphorus deficiency targeted fertilisation possible.
Nutrient bindingProcess in which nutrients are retained in the soil (through humus) instead of being washed out.
Example: Clay-humus complexes bind potassium and calcium.
Nutrient dynamicsInteractions and availability of nutrients in the soil over time.
Example: Nitrogen is mineralised faster in spring than in autumn.
Nutrient cycleCirculation of nutrients in ecosystems Uptake by plants, recycling via compost, manure or plant residues.
Example: Manure from livestock farming fertilises forage areas.
Nutrient mobilisationRelease of bound nutrients by microorganisms or plant roots.
Example: Organic acids from roots dissolve phosphate from the soil.
Nature-based agricultureAgriculture that is orientated towards natural ecosystems, for example through diversity, soil structure and habitat conservation.
Example: Permaculture as a near-natural production system.
Nature-based solutionsSolutions based on natural processes for climate adaptation, water regulation or erosion control.
Example: Renaturalisation of floodplains for flood protection.
Nature-based carbon reductionAn approach to CO₂ reduction through natural processes such as humus formation, reforestation or peatland renaturation.
Example: Rewetting moorland stores CO₂ in organic matter.
Natural fertilisersSoil improvers obtained from organic materials such as compost, manure and bone meal.
Example: Manure from livestock farming is used to fertilise cereal fields.
Natural mineral fertilisationAddition of soil-improving minerals (e.g. zeolite, rock flour, lime, clay flour) to optimise structure, pH value and nutrient availability.
NDA (Non Disclosure Agreement):A legally binding confidentiality agreement in which the parties undertake to keep sensitive and confidential information exchanged in the course of the collaboration secret.
Example: Before a technology transfer, both partners sign an NDA.
No-till (direct sowing)Cultivation method without tillage. The seed is sown directly into undisturbed soil, leaving mulch residues from the previous crop on the surface. The aim is to maximise protection of soil life and prevent erosion. Advantages: Humus retention, CO₂ binding, low machine costs. Disadvantages: slow warming in spring, increased demands on crop rotation and plant protection.
No-Till (non-ploughing)No soil ploughing to maintain soil structure, promote soil life and reduce erosion.
Example: Direct sowing with a special seed drill in uncultivated soil.
Utilisation of renewable energiesUse of solar, wind or biogas technologies on farms to generate energy.
Example: Photovoltaics on the barn roof provide electricity for the farm.
Utilisation of native speciesFavouring regionally adapted plant and animal breeds promotes resilience and biodiversity.
Example: Cultivation of old grain varieties such as emmer or spelt.
Ecological soil careEcological soil care aims to maintain or improve soil fertility using natural methods without the use of synthetic chemicals. It relies on measures such as compost, mulch or crop rotation.
Example: The use of legumes for natural nitrogen enrichment in the soil.
Ecosystem servicesThe benefits provided by healthy ecosystems such as pollination, soil fertility and water purification.
Example: Wild bees in flower strips improve the pollination of fruit trees.
Ecosystem servicesServices that natural ecosystems provide for humans Pollination, clean water, carbon storage and fertile soils. In regenerative agriculture, the focus is not only on preserving these services, but also on actively promoting them.
Example: A healthy soil stores CO₂ and regulates the water balance - both are important ecosystem services.
Ecosystem resilienceThe ability of an ecosystem to recover from disturbances while maintaining its functionality.
Example: A species-rich mixed forest regenerates better after storms.
OpenTEAMAn open-source digital management system for farmers to measure, analyse and improve soil fertility and carbon storage.
Example: Farmers use OpenTEAM to monitor the quality of their soil.
PermacultureA design framework for creating sustainable and self-sufficient agricultural ecosystems.
Example: A permaculture garden combines raised beds, a pond, compost and fruit trees to create a closed-loop system.
Permanent ground coverThe soil remains covered with plants, mulch or organic material all year round, protecting against erosion, preserving soil life and storing water.
Example: Winter catch crops or undersown crops ensure soil cover after the main crop.
Permaveg horticultureA mixed system of permaculture and vegetable cultivation promotes soil health, diversity and year-round yields.
Example: Vegetable beds in combination with herbs, berries and permanent companion plants.
Biochar managementUse of biochar to improve soils, bind CO₂ and increase water storage.
For example: biochar added during composting improves nutrient retention in the soil.
Plant strengthenersSubstances (extracts, algae, microorganisms) that make plants more resistant to stress and support their defences.
Example: Nettle slurry has a growth-promoting and fungus-inhibiting effect.
Plant socialisationTargeted combination of plants that promote each other's growth, nutrient requirements or pest defence.
Example: Carrots and onions protect each other from flies.
Plant diversityCultivation of many different plant species promotes resilience, soil life, pollinators and nutrient cycles.
Example: Diversity in the field with cereals, legumes, flowering plants and herbs.
Plant-based soil activatorsPlant extracts or plant mixtures that promote soil life through their root excretions.
Example: Mustard and oil radish mobilise nutrients and loosen the soil.
Ploughless agricultureAn agricultural practice that minimises soil disturbance to preserve soil structure and organic matter.
Example: Direct sowing in mulch cover with a special seed drill.
PolycultureThe simultaneous cultivation of several plant or animal species in the same region to mimic natural ecosystems.
Example: Mixed cultivation of tomatoes, basil and carrots.
Precision agricultureThe targeted use of modern technologies (e.g. sensors, GPS, drones) to make agricultural processes more efficient and resource-saving.
Example: Fertilisation according to soil sensor values only where necessary.
Spatial diversityDiverse utilisation and structuring of the landscape through agroforestry, mixed crops, hedges and flowering areas.
Example: A farm combines vegetable growing with fruit trees and wildlife strips.
Regenerative-biological fertilisers and preservativesNatural substances to strengthen plants and supply nutrients, e.g. compost tea, fermented plant extracts, EM (Effective Microorganisms) or algae preparations.
Regenerative agriculture and forestryIncludes land use systems that build up soil fertility, biodiversity and water storage instead of depleting them. These include humus build-up, mixed crops, permanent greening, agroforestry, pasture integration and rotation systems.
Regenerative agricultureA form of agriculture that aims to rebuild soil fertility, improve the water cycle and protect biodiversity in order to strengthen the resilience of the soil and ecosystems.
Example: A farm increases the humus content through reduced tillage and catch crops.
Regenerative mechanical tillageTillage methods such as strip-till or no-till that maintain soil structure, reduce erosion and promote soil life. The aim is to minimise disturbance and maximise aeration.
Regenerative humus formationMeasures for the targeted build-up of humus through compost, catch crops, reduced tillage.
Example: Perennial clover grass utilisation increases the organic carbon content in the soil.
Rainwater utilisationCollecting and storing rainwater for later use, for example for irrigation.
Example: Cisterns store rainwater from greenhouse roofs.
Rainwater storageBoth technical and natural systems to keep rainwater in the ground or in basins.
Example: troughs, ponds or deepened soil areas for infiltration.
RecultivationRestoration of agriculturally or ecologically usable areas after degradation or intervention.
Example: Restoration of a former gravel pit to grassland.
Conservation of resourcesEconomical, efficient utilisation of soil, water, energy and nutrients to ensure long-term production capability.
Example: Drip irrigation saves water while maintaining pinpoint accuracy.
Waste material utilisationUse of organic residues such as crop residues, liquid manure, compost or wood chips for fertilisation or energy production.
Example: Dried maize spindles are used as heating material or mulch.
Rotational grazingMoving livestock between pastures to prevent overgrazing and promote ecosystem recovery.
Example: A herd of cows is moved to a new paddock every day to protect the sward.
Seasonal floor careMaintenance practices adapted to the seasons, frost loosening in winter or erosion control in autumn.
Example: Winter catch crops after the autumn harvest.
Satellite remote sensingThe use of satellite images and sensors to observe and analyse agricultural areas, soil changes and vegetation development.
Example: Recognising drought stress in cereal crops using NDVI maps.
Key line managementShaping fields along contour lines to distribute water efficiently and prevent soil erosion.
Example: Plough lines along the contour slow down water runoff.
Sponge city principleUrban concept in which water is stored in green areas, open ground and infiltration areas.
Example: green roofs, rainwater retention basins and tree islands in cities.
Science-Based Targets Initiative (SBTi)An initiative to develop science-based climate targets for companies and organisations.
Example: A food company reduces emissions in accordance with SBTi and examines humus cultivation as a measure.
Self-healing power of the soilAbility of the soil to regenerate itself through micro-organisms, earthworms and plant roots if well cared for.
Example: After switching to regenerative practices, the soil structure stabilises itself.
Self-sufficiencyFood production for own consumption can take place on the farm or in the home garden.
Example: A vegetable farm feeds its employees seasonally.
LeachateWater that seeps down through the soil is important for groundwater formation, but can also flush out nutrients.
Example: catch crops bind nitrogen and reduce losses in leachate.
ScalingScaling means that the output increases disproportionately to the effort. Digital systems, platforms or data models enable more impact with the same or slowly increasing use of resources.
Example: An app for soil data collection is developed once and can then be used by thousands of farmers simultaneously. The app reproduces itself without significant additional costs. cf. growth
Smart contractsSelf-executing programmes on a blockchain that automatically validate and implement contracts or sustainability certificates.
Example: A token is automatically generated when humus build-up is detected.
Smart FarmingUse of digital technologies (sensors, GPS, data analysis) for precise control of agricultural processes.
Smart FencingDigital, sensor or GPS-supported pasture fencing systems for flexible and animal-friendly pasture management.
Smart RangingAnimal management in extensive systems using wearables, tracking and digital behaviour analysis to optimise grazing, stress avoidance and carbon footprint.
Soil Carbon CreditsCarbon credits, which are generated by verifiable humus build-up in soils and can be traded on voluntary markets.
Example: A regenerative farm receives CO₂ certificates by measuring humus growth.
Soil StewardshipResponsible, sustainable care and utilisation of soils for the benefit of future generations.
Example: A company voluntarily commits to minimum standards in floor care.
Sun trapsLandscaping or bedding that captures sunlight in a targeted manner to improve warming and the microclimate.
Example: Horseshoe-shaped beds with a south-facing opening store more heat.
Social farmingFarms that integrate people with support needs as a place of learning, therapy or work.
Example: Farm project with employment for people with disabilities.
SociocracyA form of organisation in which decisions are made in small, networked circles in order to promote co-determination and efficiency.
Example: A project team discusses proposals until there are no more serious objections.
Urban agricultureThe cultivation, processing and distribution of food in urban areas.
Example: Community gardens on brownfield sites in urban neighbourhoods.
Nitrogen fixationThe conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be utilised by plants, often by legumes and soil microbes.
Example: Nodule bacteria in clover bind nitrogen in the soil.
Strip-Till (strip processing)Partial tillage in narrow strips (e.g. 15-20 cm), which are then sown. The space in between remains untouched and covered with mulch. Combines the advantages of no-till (soil dormancy) with a better seedbed. Advantageous for maize, sugar beet and heavier soils with high heat requirements.
Structurally rich areasLandscape with hedges, trees, waterholes, flowering areas and copses important for biodiversity and climate resilience.
Example: A field with wildflower strips, solitary trees and hedgerows.
Terra PretaHighly fertile black soil, inspired by indigenous Amazonian soils, contains biochar, compost and ceramic residues.
Example: Reproduction of Terra Preta in horticulture for soil improvement.
Terra Preta productionReproduction of the fertile black soil of the Amazon using a mixture of biochar, organic waste and microorganisms.
Deep looseningMechanical loosening of deep soil layers without turning to loosen compaction and allow root penetration.
Example: Use of a subsoiler for compacted subsoil under tramlines.
Token and Trusted Technology Service Provider Act (TVTG)The Liechtenstein Act on the Regulation of Token Economies and Blockchain Applications.
Example: A provider of CO₂ certificates registers as a trusted technology provider.
Token economyA model in which digital tokens are used as an economic incentive system to promote transactions and value creation within a community.
Example: Farmers receive tokens for CO₂ binding, which can be exchanged for services.
Tokenisation of ecosystem servicesThe digital representation of environmental services (e.g. CO₂ binding) in the form of tradable tokens that are managed on a blockchain.
Example: A farmer receives blockchain-based CO₂ certificates for verifiable humus build-up.
Tokenomics in agriculture, forestry and the food industryBlockchain-based economic systems for recording, verifying and rewarding ecosystem services. Enable new remuneration and participation models.
Transparency reportsRegular reports from companies or organisations that clearly demonstrate how environmental and social goals are implemented.
Example: An agricultural business publishes its annual climate report.
Environmentally friendly practicesAgricultural practices designed to minimise environmental damage and support sustainability.
Example: Drip irrigation saves water in vegetable growing.
Vegetation coverPlant cover on soils protects against dehydration and erosion and ensures continuous photosynthesis.
Example: Permanent greening with grasses and clover on a brownfield site.
Networked landscapesAreas connected by ecological corridors to promote biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Example: Hedges and flower strips connect biotopes across an agricultural landscape.
GrowthGrowth refers to the proportional increase in performance through the increased use of resources - such as more staff, space or capital. It is typical of classic, linear business models.
Example: A farm doubles its vegetable production by hiring twice as many workers or increasing the use of machinery and cultivating more land. cf. scaling
Water savingPractices aimed at using water efficiently in agricultural systems to ensure long-term availability.
Example: Sensor-based control of drip irrigation in fruit growing.
Water retention capacityThe ability of the soil to store water for use by plants, which improves drought resistance.
Example: Clay soils with a high humus content have a good water retention capacity.
Water infiltrationThe process by which water penetrates the soil surface, which is crucial for the recharge of groundwater.
Example: Deep-rooted plants promote infiltration after heavy rainfall.
Water retentionMeasures to keep water in the landscape through ponds, depressions, soil structure or vegetation.
Example: Mulch protects the soil and reduces evaporation.
Water storage capacitySoil's ability to store water and keep it available for plants.
Example: Soils with a high humus content store more water during dry periods.
Pasture rotation systemsForms of grazing in which animals regularly move to new areas protect plants, improve nutrient distribution and promote biodiversity.
Example: Mobile fence enables cows to change pasture daily.
Added value on siteCreation of economic benefits through processing, marketing and consumption directly in the region.
Example: Cheese dairy on the farm increases regional income and identity.
Value enhancement through qualityThe economic approach of optimising not only the quantity of products, but also their qualitative characteristics (e.g. nutritional content, taste, environmental friendliness) in order to achieve higher market prices.
Example: Organic vegetables with a higher nutrient content achieve higher market prices.
RewettingReturning drained areas (moors) to their natural, wet state is important for CO₂ sequestration and biodiversity.
Example: rewetting of former peat extraction areas for renaturalisation.
Knowledge transfer to farmersTraining, advice and exchange to promote regenerative and sustainable practices in agriculture.
Example: Workshops, field days or digital platforms for humus cultivation.
Worm cultureThe use of worms to decompose organic waste into nutrient-rich compost.
Example: A worm bin in the kitchen processes vegetable waste into worm humus.
Root excretionsSubstances that plants release through their roots promote microorganisms and influence soil processes.
Example: Organic acids from roots mobilise phosphorus in the soil.
Root depthExpansion of plant roots into the soil is important for water and nutrient uptake and soil stability.
Example: Lucerne reaches root depths of up to 4 metres.
Certification bodies for ecosystem servicesOrganisations that standardise and certify methods for recording climate services (e.g. humus growth).
Example: A certification body checks the humus increase of a farm.
Catch crop cultivationCultivating plants outside the main cultivation period to improve soil fertility, prevent erosion and bind nitrogen.
Example: Phacelia as a catch crop for nitrogen fixation and erosion control.
Catch cropsUnharvested crops planted to improve soil health, reduce erosion and increase fertility.
Example: mustard or oil radish after cereals to bind nutrients.
