Copper in organic farming - natural, but not unproblematic
The red metal plays an ambivalent role in agriculture: on the one hand, it is vital as a trace element for humans, animals and plants. On the other hand, excessive concentrations can damage the soil and have long-term negative effects on health. Especially in the organic farming, which focuses on environmental compatibility and soil health, the element is proving to be unexpected problem child.
Why the trace element is used in organic farming
Many synthetic plant protection products are banned in organic farming - but not Copper, which is a proven natural active ingredient, especially against fungal diseases such as Mildew, Late blight or Scab is used. Copper-containing preparations are used in viticulture, fruit and vegetable growing in particular, as there are hardly any equivalent alternatives.
Despite its natural origin, the metal is non-degradable. It accumulates in the soil - especially in permanent crops - where it has a Toxic to soil organisms, The soil structure suffers and fertility is jeopardised in the long term.
How the element affects people and the environment
Copper is essential - we need it for our immune system, energy metabolism and various enzymes. But one Excessive intake can cause health problems. Children, people with liver disease or those with the rare metabolic disorder Wilson's disease. It is absorbed through food, drinking water or, in rare cases, through the skin. In regions with a high consumption of wine or in areas with older copper pipelines, cumulative exposure can occur that is relevant to health.
The Soil biology suffers: Earthworms, fungi and beneficial microorganisms react sensitively to excess copper. The consequences are reduced soil fertility, disrupted nutrient cycles and an increased need for additional fertilisation - a paradoxical effect in a system that actually relies on natural cycles.
Regulation and reality: EU limits are not enough
The EU has limited the use of the element: The permitted average is currently 4 kg per hectare and year (calculated over 7 years). In practice, however, this is often exceeded - not least because effective alternatives are lacking or are not reliably available. The Organic certification does not currently prescribe systematic soil tests for copper - this means that many areas could already be critically contaminated without being noticed.
What can be done
Fortunately, there are approaches to counteract overdosing:
- Reduction in the quantities used through more precise application techniques and better weather forecasts
- Breeding robust varieties, which are less susceptible to fungal attack
- Use of substitute materials, based on plant extracts, microorganisms or clay minerals, for example
- Regeneration of contaminated soils with the help of biochar, compost, mushrooms or targeted humus management
However, these methods are not yet practical or economically competitive across the board.
TSHN identifies sustainable alternatives
TSHN sees healthy soils as the basis for healthy people and sustainable agriculture. In our network, we therefore focus on Products, methods and strategies, which help to reduce or completely replace the use of copper in organic farming - without compromising on crop protection and food safety.
Your experience counts!
As a farmer, do you have with or without copper worked? Do you use Alternative plant protection products or know companies that are breaking new ground?
👉 Share your experiences with us! Together, we are shaping the change towards a truly soil-friendly and healthy agriculture.
👉As a member, you can read the scientific background in the science section of our knowledge database!
